Lawyers on behalf of Armenian plaintiffs responded last week to the U.S. government’s brief that had urged the Supreme Court not to review a Federal Appeals Court decision striking down a California law extending the statute of limitations on Armenian Genocide-era insurance claims.
The Solicitor General, on behalf of the U.S. government, had filed a politically motivated and flawed brief that completely misrepresented the insurance case and raised unwarranted questions about the legality of the California law.
In his brief on the plaintiffs’ behalf, Igor Timofeyev, argues that the California statute (Section 354.4) does not violate any established federal policy and should therefore not be preempted. He asserts that California has the right to regulate the obligations of insurance companies, a traditional sphere of state competence and jurisdiction.
The plaintiffs’ lawyer accuses the U.S. government of advancing “an unprecedented theory of federal affairs preemption: All claims arising out of international incidents are committed exclusively to the federal competence, even when these claims involve private actors and private contracts, and the federal government has taken no action to resolve them.”
Timofeyev qualifies the U.S. government’s position as “revolutionary” and “antithetical to the respect due to the states as separate sovereigns.” He then summarizes his counter-arguments in six points:
1) “To justify the Ninth Circuit’s aberrant decision, the government articulates a foreign affairs field preemption theory of unprecedented breadth.” Timofeyev asserts, “Petitioners’ claims are against a private [German insurance] company, not against a foreign sovereign. Nor are these claims integral to ‘a major foreign policy dispute’ between the U.S. and a foreign nation.” The state of California, being “home to the overwhelming majority of Armenian Americans,” has “a legitimate interest in securing compensation for its injured residents, irrespective of whether the underlying injury occurred in-state or abroad.”
2) “The court of appeals committed a fundamental error: It adjudged illegitimate a state’s well-established interests in regulating insurance, setting the statute of limitations for state-law claims, and ensuring compensation for its injured residents simply because the events giving rise to these claims occurred overseas. That is not the law.”
3) Countering the government’s contention that Section 354.4 is based on “a distinct political point of view on a specific matter of foreign policy…one that decries the actions of the Ottoman Empire,” Timofeyev reminds the court that President Obama himself acknowledges that the Ottoman mass murders were “one of the worst atrocities of the 20th century.” Furthermore, the president commended U.S. states for commemorating “the massacre [of Armenians] in the final days of the Ottoman Empire.” Timofeyev also asserts that “the president’s repeated praise for states’ commemorative efforts is fundamentally inconsistent with the government’s claim that the foreign affairs doctrine automatically preempts any state action expressing a ‘point of view’ on this issue.”
4) “The government tries to bootstrap its preemption argument by invoking the U.S. efforts to negotiate a resolution of World War I era claims… The government concedes that Section 354.4 ‘does not conflict’ with any of these diplomatic efforts. Indeed, the government acknowledges that ‘the United States did not…attempt to negotiate the resolution of claims by Armenians who were injured by the Ottoman Empire during that period.’” In fact, one of the reasons the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the American Treaty of Lausanne was “the absence of provisions for the Armenian refugees and exiles from the Ottoman Empire.”
5) The government seems alarmed that Section 354.4 “imposes the politically charged label of ‘genocide’” on Turkey, which “could provoke Turkey’s ire. But fear of ‘upsetting foreign powers…even when the federal government desperately wants to avoid upsetting foreign powers’ is not a legitimate reason to preempt traditional state activity… The government cannot explain why, if the term ‘Armenian Genocide’ employed by Section 354.4 would have an adverse effect on foreign affairs, the same would not hold equally for laws and resolutions adopted by about 40 states that expressly recognize the Armenian Genocide by name. Nor does the government explain why a statute ‘creating judicially enforceable rights’ is more offensive to Turkey than state laws including the Armenian Genocide as part of mandatory school curricula.”
6) “The Ninth Circuit’s aberrant decision is generating confusion among lower courts.”
Timofeyev rightly concludes his brief by urging the Supreme Court to “review and correct the Ninth Circuit’s decision before it causes greater mischief.”
Harut Sassounian
Mr. Sassounian you seem to always leave out important facts about these genocide era cases. This is the FIRST Armenian case to be heard in the US Supreme Court; that in itself is the most important point.
The lawsuit was initiated by Vartkes Yeghiayan following success with cases against the NY Life and AXA insurance companies. The current petition to the US Supreme Court for the case against Munich-Re involves numerous attorneys on record. Kathryn Lee Crawford-Boyd, Michael J. Bazyler, and Rajika L. Shah have been working on the case since its appeal to the 9th Circuit Court, and have continued alongside Mr. Yeghiayan as counsel for petitioners to the US Supreme Court. Igor Timofeyev is the counsel of record to the case in its petition to the US Supreme Court, and was retained by counsel for petitioners mentioned above and worked in association with them in filing the briefs.
You have also failed to mention the unsung champions of the case: plaintiff’s Harry Arzoumanian, Garo Ayaltin, Miran Khagerian and Ara Khajerian. For the past 10 years these plaintiff’s have endured every step of the legal process.
These facts are merely to enlighten readers and give fair credit to those currently involved. Failing to mention this information is degrading and egregious to everyone involved.
From the cases he has filed everyone can see that Mr Yeghayan is nothing but an ambulance chaser
It is people like Mr Geragos and organizations like the A.N.C.A. that are doing all the difficult job day in an day out
The “ambulance chaser” you have labeled has somehow gotten the United States Supreme Court to hear an Armenian case. Like I said above, the FIRST…I don’t know Mr. Yeghiayan or Geragos or ANCA people, but I do know that the litigation Yeghiayan has put forward throughout the years is pioneer work for Armenian related claims (look it up)…how is that not a “difficult job day in an day out” ?